Week 13—History of Latin America
Migration and Immigration
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I. Urbanization, 1950- 1970s

A. Mega-cities and growth:

- Mexico , from 1.6 to 20 million
- São Paolo, from 1.4 to 17+ million
- Lima , from 650,000 to 6.5 million

B. Regional context:

- Lima , 11x larger than Arequipa
- Santiago , 7x larger than Valparaíso
- Buenos Aires , 10x larger than Córdoba

C. Urban vs. rural poverty

- urban: 34% poor, 13% extremely poor
- rural: 53% poor, 30% extremely poor

II. 20c History of LA Migration

A. Urbanization

1950 to today, from 41% to 75% of LA lives in cities

- favelas (Brazil)
- callampas (Chile)
- colonias (Mexico)
- barriadas (Peru):

1920s, a few
1940s, 5
1955, 39
1959, 154
1970, 237
1984, 782

B. The Informal Economy

- self-employed workers
- links between formal and informal sectors

Mexican-Americans and Immigration in the 20c

I. Legacies of Conquest

- 75K Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos
- "greasers"
- gente decente, limpieza de sangre
- La Raza

II. Growth + Immigration, 1890-1920

- Porfiriato & Mexican Revolution
- 1908, restrictions on Asian immigration
- 1917-1924, restrictions on Old World immigration

III. The Depression and World War II

- 1929-1939, +/- 1/2 million return to Mexico
- 1942, Emergency Farm Labor Program (the Bracero program)
- wetbacks

IV. The Cold War

- 1950, Internal Security Act
- 1952, Immigration and Nationality Act
- 1954, Operation Wetback

V. Assimilationists vs. Mutualistas