War to the Death
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I. The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804

Hispaniola = French Saint Domingue + Spanish Santo Domingo

- Slaves vs. "gens de couleur"

- Outside influences:

American Revolution (1776)
Enlightenment
French Revolution (1789)
Société des Amis des Noirs

- 1791, slaves revolt

Boukman
Toussaint Louverture

- 1793, French Republic abolishes slavery

Léger Félicité Sonthonax

- 1802, Napoleon invades, reinstates slavery

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

- Jan. 1, 1804 : Haiti declares itself a free nation

II. Precursors? to Latin Am. independence

- Bourbon/Pombaline reforms
- Creoles (criollos) vs. peninsulares/gachupines
- Free trade
- Revolts and rebellions

Tupac Amaru in Peru (1780s)

III. External influences in Latin Am independence

- 1776-1804, U.S., French, and Haitian Revolutions
- 1807, Napoleonic invasion

Brazil	Spanish America
1807, Portuguese royal court to Rio de Janeiro             1815, Brazil's colonial status erased 1816-20, liberal revolts in Portugal and Brazil 1821, King João returns to Portugal, leaves son Dom Pedro 1822, Dom Pedro declares Brazil independent	1808, Joseph Bonaparte put on Spanish throne, unseats Bourbons 1810, creole revolts in Mexico and Río de la Plata 1812, Spanish Cortes de Cádiz approves liberal constitution: royalists vs. liberals 1814, King Fernando restored, abolishes liberal constitution 1814-1819, Spanish troops in LA   1820, Riego Revolt, liberals regain power in Spain     1824, Fernando re-abolishes liberal constitution

 

IV. Spanish American Wars of Independence

A. Southern Cone (Argentina, Uruguay,  Paraguay, Chile), 1810-1842

- Argentina May Revolution, 1810, abolishes viceroyalty of
              Río de la Plata
- Chile, 1810-1818 (Bernardo O'Higgins)
- Uruguay, 1811-1828    
- Paraguay, 1811-1842  

B. Mexico, 1810-1821

- Miguel Hidalgo
- Grito de Dolores, Sept. 16, 1810
- Virgen de Guadalupe
- Agustín Iturbide, 1821

C. New Granada, 1810-1825

- Simón Bolívar
- José Tomás Boves and the llaneros, 1813-1814
- Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador)
- 1819, Congress of Angostura in Bogotá
- 1821, last Spanish troops leave Gran Colombia
- 1824, Peru liberated (José de San Martín)
- 1825, Bolivia established
- 1830, Ecuador and Venezuela secede from Gran Colombia