Week Twelve
The Lost Decade(s), 1970s-90s
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I. The Seventies: The Revolution's Last Gasp?

- Armed guerrilla groups
- Youth counterculture: Avándaro, 1971
- Luis Echeverría (1970-76)

peso devaluation, 1976
Yaqui Valley expropriations, 1976

- José López Portillo (1976-82)

Sistema Alimentario Mexicano (SAM), 1980
capital flight leads to bank nationalization, 1982
debt default, 1982

II. The Eighties: The "Lost Decade"

- Miguel de la Madrid (1982-1988)
- IMF, "structural adjustment"
- 1984-87, fall of the peso against the dollar

150:1 in 1984
380:1 in 1985
800:1 in 1986
from 950:1 to 2300:1 in 1987 alone!!

- 1985, Mexico City earthquake: 8K dead, $4b. in damage
- 1988 elections: Carlos Salinas de Gortari vs. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas

III. The Nineties: Hello NAFTA, Adios PRI

- NAFTA negotiations 1992-94

Article 27 of Constitution repealed
Privatization of govt.' holdings, 85% by 1992
Carlos Slim, Telmex
Pre-election spending spree by Salinas
NAFTA approved by U.S. Nov. 1993
Goes into effect Jan. 1, 1994

- Zapatistas in Chiapas, Jan 1994

Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN)
Subcomandante Marcos / Delegado Cero
Bishop Samuel Ruiz

- 1994: the PRI's "annus horribilis"

Assassination of PRI presidential candidate Colosio, March
Election of Ernesto Zedillo, August
Assassination of PRI secretary general, September
Mexican Peso Crisis, December

- Raúl Salinas de Gortari, 1995-99
- Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas elected mayor of D.F. 1997
- Vicente Fox from PAN wins presidency, 2000