Week 7—History of Latin America
A New 'Hundred Years' Begins
***********************************************

I. Worldwide/regional developments

- Economic

WWI (1914-17)
Great Depression (1929)

- Political

Labor mobilization (1914-1927)
Anarchism/socialism/communism

II. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920

- Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911)

científicos
rurales

- Francisco Madero
- Pancho Villa
- Emiliano Zapata (d. 1919)
- 1929, Partido Nacional Revolucionario (precursor to Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI)

III. Latin American Populism

A. Lázaro Cárdenas (Mexico, 1934-45)

- ejido
- 1938, oil nationalization (PEMEX)

B. Juan Perón (Argentina, 1943-1974)

- workers' groups vs. Liga patriotica argentina
- 1930, 1943 military coups
- Oct. 17, 1945
- 1946, Perón elected president; Peronismo, Peronists
- 1955, overthrown in military coup, goes into exile in Spain

C. Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre (Peru, 1920-1979)

- 1924, founds Alianza Popular Revolucionario Americano (APRA)

D. Jorge Eliécer Gaitán (Colombia, 1928 -1948)

- El País Político vs. El País Nacional
- April 9, 1948, Gaitán assassinated: The Bogotazo
- 1948-58, La Violencia

IV. Nationalism and Culture, 1910-1945

A. Brazil

- Getulio Vargas (1930-45)
- 1937, Estado Novo
- samba
- Gilberto Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves (1933)
- Carmen Miranda

B. Mexico

- mestizaje/mestizo
- José Vasconselos, “The Cosmic Race”
- muralistas

Diego Rivera

- indigenismo

Frida Kahlo