2A - History of Latin America
Colonial Legacies
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I. Unfree labor
A. Population decline, esp. Mesoamerica & Andes
1519 - 25 million in Central Mexico
1568 - 2.5 million
1630 - .7 million
B. Labor systems
-- slavery/bandeirismo; New Laws (1542)
-- encomienda and repartimiento
-- mita for San Luís Potosí (Bolivia) etc.
-- debt peonage
-- slavery and African migration, ie Minas Gerais (Brazil):1690s, no Europeans or Afro-Brazilians
1720s, 20,000 whites and 50,000 blacks
1735, 100,000 blacks
II. Tranculturation
-- limpieza de sangre
-- república de indios/de españoles
-- castas: mestizos, mulattos
-- gente de razón/gente decente vs. plebe
-- calidad
-- casta paintings
III. Institutional church and political power
-- reconquest; Moors; Alhambra, Granada (1492)
-- Papal Bull Inter Caetera (1493)
-- Bernal Díaz del Castillo
-- reducciones
-- Bartolomé de las Casas
-- Puebla, Mexico
-- expulsion of Jesuits (1767)