15B—History of Latin America
Urbanization and Migration in the 20c
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I. Urbanization, 1950- 1970s

A. Mega-cities and growth:

• Mexico , from 1.6 to 20 million
• São Paolo, from 1.4 to 17+ million
• Lima , from 650,000 to 6.5 million

B. Regional context:

• Lima , 11x larger than Arequipa
• Santiago , 7x larger than Valparaíso
• Buenos Aires , 10x larger than Córdoba

C. Urban vs. rural poverty

• urban: 34% poor and 13% extremely poor
• rural: 53% poor, 30% extremely poor

II. The History of LA Migration

1950 to today, from 41% to 75% of LA lives in cities

• favelas (Brazil), callampas (Chile), colonias (Mex), barriadas (Peru):

  1920s, a few
  1940s, 5
  1955, 39
  1959, 154
  1970, 237
  1984, 782

III. The Informal Economy

• self-employed workers who do not receive wages
• linkages between formal and informal sectors