War to the Death
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I. The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804

Hispaniola = French Saint Domingue + Spanish Santo Domingo

- in 1780s: 460,000 slaves = 90% of pop., 2/3rd African born, 40K enter yearly

- Slaves vs. "gens de couleur"

- Outside influences:

American Revolution (1776)
Enlightenment
French Revolution (1789)
Société des Amis des Noirs

- 1791, slaves revolt

Boukman
Toussaint Louverture

- 1793, French Republic abolishes slavery

Léger Félicité Sonthonax

- 1802, Napoleon invades, reinstates slavery

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

- Jan. 1, 1804 : Haiti declares itself a free nation

II. Latin American Independence

A. Precursors:

- Bourbon/Pombaline reforms
- Creoles (criollos) vs. peninsulares/gachupines
- Free trade
- Revolts and rebellions

Tupac Amaru in Peru (1780s)

B. External influences in Latin Am independence

- 1776-1804, U.S., French, and Haitian Revolutions
- 1807, Napoleonic invasion

Brazil vs. Spanish America

1815, Brazil's colonial status erased

1816-20, liberal revolts in Portugal and Brazil

1821, King João returns to Portugal, leaves son Dom Pedro

1822, Dom Pedro declares Brazil independent

Cortes de Cádiz (1810-12)

C. Spanish American Wars of Independence

- Creoles, peninsulares, liberals, royalists
- Ferdinand of Spain returns to throne 1814
- Riego Revolt in Spain 1820

1. Mexico, 1810-1821

Miguel Hidalgo
Grito de Dolores, Sept. 16, 1810
Virgen de Guadalupe
Jose María Morelos and Vicente Guerrero lead revolutionaries
Agustín Iturbide, 1821

2. New Granada, 1810-1825

Simón Bolívar
Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador)
1819, Congress of Angostura in Bogotá
1821, last Spanish troops leave Gran Colombia
1824, Peru liberated
1825, Bolivia established
1830, Ecuador and Venezuela secede from Gran Colombia